10 First Transplants
1.
First Heart Transplant
The world's first heart transplant occurred on December 3, 1967. Surgeon Christiaan Barnard performed this operation at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. The recipient was Louis Washkansky. The heart was received from a young woman named Denise Darvall who had been hit by a car and suffered brain damage. The operation took nine hours. Washkansky lived for just 18 days after the operation until he died of pneumonia. The heart beat until his death, however.
2.
First Kidney Transplant
Dr. Joseph Murray performed the first kidney transplant on December 23, 1954, at Boston's Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. A 23 year old seriously ill male, Richard Herrick, received a kidney that was donated by his identical twin brother, Ronald Herrick. Richard Herrick's transplant was considered to be successful. He died eight years following the transplant. Because the donor and recipient had the same genetic makeup, immunosuppressant medications did not need to be taken by the recipient.
3.
First Corneal Transplant
Ophthalmologiststst Eduard Zirm performed the world's first corneal transplant way back on December 7, 1905, on patient Alois Glogar. Glogar was a day laborer who had been blinded in both eyes while slaking lime. The donor, Karl Brauer, was an 11 year old boy who had had metal pieces implanted in his eyes due to an accident. His corneas were saved to be transplanted into someone in need. The corneal transplantation method Zirm used then is still the method used to repair and transplant corneas today.
4.
First Liver transplant
The world's first liver transplant was performed by Dr. Thomas E. Starzl of the University of Colorado in Denver in 1963. Unfortunately, the recipient of the transplanted liver died a few days later. Starzl also performed the first successful liver transplant in 1967, when the recipient's liver continued functioning for a little over a year after the operation. Both transplants took place at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. Starzl is often called the father of modern organ transplantation.
5.
First Lung Transplant
The first lung transplant was performed on June 11, 1963 by James D. Hardy of the University of Mississippi. It was unsuccessful, as the patient survived only 18 days, eventually dying of kidney failure. The donor of this lung had died of myocardial infarction a few days prior to the surgery. The first successful single lung transplant took place in 1983. It was performed by Dr. Joel Cooper at the University of Toronto. The recipient of this lung was Tom Hall.
6.
First Pancreas Transplant
The world's first pancreas transplant was performed by Drs. Richard Lillehei and William Kelly in 1966 at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. The donated pancreas was implanted into a 28 year-old woman. Although this transplantation was considered to be a success, the patient died three months later from a pulmonary embolism.
7.
First Human Hand Transplant
The first human hand was transplanted on September 23, 1998 by Doctors Earl Owen and Jean-Michel Dubernard in Lyon, France. The recipient of the hand and forearm was New Zealander Clint Hallam. The operation took 14 hours. Because Hallam never felt comfortable with the hand and refused to take anti-rejection medication, his body rejected the hand, and it was removed at his request in 2001.
8.
First Partial Human Face Transplant
The first partial human face transplant took place on November 27, 2005. Physicians Jean-Michel Dubernard and Bernard Devauchelle in Amiens, France, performed a partial face transplantation on Isabelle Dinoire, whose dog had destroyed part of her face. A triangle of face tissue from a brain-dead person's nose and mouth was grafted onto Dinoire. The operation was a success, although the patient did have some rejection issues.
9.
First Transplant Of A Whole Organ Grown From Stem Cells
The first transplant of an organ or tissue grown entirely from stem cells occurred in 2008. Physician Paolo Macchiarini at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain replaced a trachea in 30 year old Claudia Castillo with one created entirely from stem cells grown in a Bristol University laboratory. The trachea was created from cells taken directly from Castillo's own body, called tissue engineering, meaning the body did not reject the windpipe and anti-rejection drugs were not necessary. This operation was said to be a success.
10.
First Ovarian Transplant
The world's first ovarian transplant occurred in January 2007. It was performed by Dr. Sherman Silber of the Infertility Centre of St Louis, Missouri and involved taking a right ovary from donor Dorothee Tilly and transplanting it into the right side of her twin sister Susanne Butscher. Both were 38 at the time of the operation. The sisters were both under the knife for four hours and each was left with a small keyhole-sized scar. Because they are identical twins, Susanne did not need to worry about taking anti-rejection medication. The transplanted ovary began functioning after a few months. A year later she and her husband conceived, and she gave birth nine months after that to a healthy baby girl. Prior to the operation, she was infertile, as her ovaries had stopped producing hormones and eggs.
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